PSI - Issue 46

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2021) 000–000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 46 (2023) 17–23

5th International Conference on Structural Integrity and Durability On the road towards understanding squats: residual stress state of rails T.J. Gschwandl a *, W. Daves a , T. Antretter b , C. Bucher c , D. Künstner d a Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria b Montanuniversität Leoben, Institute of Mechanics, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria

c voestalpine Railway Systems GmbH, Alpinestrasse 1, 8740 Zeltweg, Austria d voestalpine Rail Technology GmbH, Kerpelystrasse 199, 8700 Leoben, Austria

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID 2021 Organizers Abstract The residual stress state of rails is a key influencing factor which promotes the initiation and propagation of squats. Squats are widely spread rail surface defects, which pose a significant problem all around the world. Therefore, a Finite Element (FE) simulation of a new rail has been conducted to calculate the residual stresses after 100 rollover cycles. In order to validate the FE results two different residual stress measurement approaches for rails with and without squats have been evaluated within this work. The first measurement, the contour method, determines the longitudinal residual stresses of the whole rail cross-section. The second measurement method, X-ray diffraction, provides a stress profile for a specified depth. By investigating the residual stress state of rails, the set-up of a realistic 3D rollover simulation including squats will be facilitated in future works. © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID 2021 Organizers. Keywords: squats; residual stresses; contour method; X-ray diffraction; wheel-rail contact 1. Introduction Rail defects, such as squats, have been challenging railway operators all over the world for several years (Deng et al. (2018)). Especially as squats present a complex failure mechanism, which increases the costs for monitoring and

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 384245922565; E-mail address: timna.gschwandl@mcl.at

2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID 2021 Organizers

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID 2021 Organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.06.004