PSI - Issue 83

Wijdane Kachach et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 83 (2026) 154–161

158

CFRP sheet

Four hours RC beams reinforced with CFRP and supplemented with spray (19 and 32 mm) could withstand service load. Three hours sustained by CFRP RC slabs (19 and 25 mm). At higher temperatures, composite loss occurred; results useful for fire response assessment. Residual bond strength ranged 46.7–83.41% (2% & 4% epoxy). For 1 h exposure: 61.7–93.7%. At 150 °C, specimens retained ~17% of ambient bond strength. Moderate bond strength reduction in short fire exposure; significant reduction after 2–3 hours. Experimental data used to validate models. CFRP reinforcement vulnerable at high temperature; Tg exceeded quickly causing adhesive efficiency loss. As temperature approaches Tg, tensile and interfacial brittleness increase,

Exper iment al and nume rical

RC flexural members

One layer of CFRP + isolation layer

(Bhatt et al., 2021)

Bending test

N/A

Fire

, RC slabs

Exper iment al Exper iment al Exper iment al and nume rical Exper iment al

1 and 2 h at 200, 400, 600 °C

Single lap shear Double lap direct shear

(Jadooe et al., 2017)

Concrete prisms

CFRP strips

N/A

(Raoof & Bournas, 2017)

RC prisms

1 h at 20– 150 °C

CFRP

68 °C

(Gamage et al., 2006)

Concrete blocks

Single shear

CFRP

N/A

Fire

Ceiling of a concrete structure

(Stratford et al., 2009)

CFRP

60 °C

Fire

Fire

Nonline ar local bond slip (double lap shear) Single lap pull out bond

(Dai et al., 2012)

Nume rical

N/A

CFRP

N/A

20–100 °C

reducing bond performance.

Interfacial bond strength at high temperature depends on adhesive Tg.

(Dong & Hu, 2016)

Nume rical

N/A

CFRP

N/A

20–90 °C

Under fire circumstances, multi-layer or insulated systems still saw notable reductions, despite their superior performance. According to their review, mechanical properties quickly deteriorate after the polymer matrix exceeds its glass transition point, hurting both load-bearing and ductility performance. Additional validation came from experimental testing by (Protchenko, 2022), which showed that although hybrid carbon–basalt FRP (HFRP) reinforced beams could withstand the entire two-hour fire exposure, their load capacity was still decreased by about 70% after cooling. On the other hand, BFRP-reinforced beams usually failed before the fire test was over. The trends in the