PSI - Issue 83

Ritesh M. Patel et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 83 (2026) 41–46

44

reference to the direction of load. In order to simulate SCB specimen in ABAQUS 6.12 software, eight noded plane stress elements are used to construct the usual mesh pattern starting from pure mode-I ( α = 0 о ) to mode-II ( α = 43 о ) conditions, as shown in Fig. 2. and Fig.3. Similarly Fig. 4. shows the analysis of mixed mode loading at 10° crack angle. For the simulation process, reference load, specimen radius, thickness, crack length and span length ratio are taken as follows: P cr = 1000 N , R = 40 mm , t = 1 mm , a/R = 0.5 and S/R = 0.5 respectively. During the simulation process the tensile strength (σ t ) and poison's ratio (ϑ) of PLA material are considered as 30.58 MPa and 0.35 respectively. Modulus of elasticity (E) at 0 о , 90 о and 45 о raster orientation are taken as 2843 MPa, 2236 MPa and 2586 MPa for simulation under plane stress condition Patel et al. (2023).

Fig.3. Typical FE mesh for Mode-II ( α = 43 о )

Fig.2. Typical FE mesh for Mode-II ( α = 0 о )

Fig.4. Typical FE mesh for Mode-II ( α = 10 о ) In the stress-strain field, the square root singularities are also generated around the crack tip to determine the values of the stress intensity factors (K I , K II ) , as well as T -stress. In every analysis approximately 1116 eight-noded plane stress elements are utilized. Using FEM analysis, stress intensity factors and T-stress are derived from 0 о to 43 о at an intervals of 5 о , where the pure mode-II condition is reached. Geometrical constants are calculated and minor difference are observed for all selected specimen radius as shown in Table 1. 4. Results and Discussion A comparison has been made between the current numerical results and some relevant information from the literature in order to validate the numerical idealization present in Ayatollahi et al. (2006), (2007), (2010), (2011) and