PSI - Issue 83

Wong Kam Chee et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 83 (2026) 14–27

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Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education, under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/TK10/UMP/02/7, university reference RDU230104), and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (PGRS220386) for financial support. References [1] O. Faour, R. Dimitriou, C. A. Cousins, and P. V. Giannoudis, “The use of bone graft substitutes in large cancellous voids: Any specific needs?,” Injury , vol. 42, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. S87–S90, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.020. [2] A. A. Noman, M. S. Shaari, and M. R. M. Akramin, “Finite Element Analysis of Hip Implants with Different Lattice Structures Using Additive Manufacturing Materials,” Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng. , vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 12778–12787, 2025, doi: 10.15282/ijame.22.3.2025.17.0974. [3] W. Guo et al. , “Topography-based implants for bone regeneration: Design, biological mechanism, and therapeutics,” Mater. Today Bio , vol. 34, no. 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