PSI - Issue 83

Wong Kam Chee et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 83 (2026) 14–27

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2.4 Boundary Conditions This study intends to simulate various TPMS lattice structures with varying lattices under compression loading. The steps of creating the boundary conditions and the boundary conditions are shown in Figure 3. The three mesh bodies generated above are inserted in the FE component block and the material is set as isotropic material of Ti6Al4V. The tie constrain block is used to tie two related surfaces for the analysis, where the top plate is tied with the lattice structure for the loading case while the bottom plate is tied with the lattice for the fixed bottom constraint. The bottom plate is then set to fix by using a displacement restraint block while a force of -1000N is set to act on the top plate at the z-direction, which can be visualized by a 1000N force pointing downwards to the top plate of the model.

a)

b)

Figure 3. (a) 1000N load on top plate; (b) fixed bottom plate

3. Results and Discussions 3.1 Structural Analysis

Table 2 shows the characteristics of the lattice. Gyroid has the highest surface area of 1225.4575 mm 2 and surface area-to-volume ratio of 7.7288 mm -1 , which is important for applications requiring high surface interactions. Schwarz P has a lowest mass of 0.6218g and a relative density of 14.0367%, which makes it the lightest lattice structure among the three lattices. The hybrid lattice has the highest volume of 238.6922mm 3 which leads to the highest mass of 1.0574g and relative density of 23.8692%. These properties put it at a disadvantage in weight critical applications, but it might excel in terms of higher stiffness and provide better load-bearing capacity.

Table 2. Characteristics of the lattices Aspects

Schwarz P Gyroid

Hybrid

Surface Area (mm 2 )

951.6387 140.3667

1225.4575 1086.2224

Volume (mm 3 )

158.5578 7.7288 0.7024 15.8558

129.8836

Surface area-to-volume Ratio 6.7797

8.363

Mass (g)

0.6218 14.0367

0.5754 12.9884

Relative Density