PSI - Issue 82

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 82 (2026) 65–71

© 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID organizers Abstract Appropriate levels of post-breakage security and structural safety for laminated glass elements in constructions are a priority. Besides, the associated mechanisms are rather complex and challenging to assess, as well as to quantify with simplified strategies, due to a multitude of uncertainties. As such, rough calculation approaches are conservatively taken into account for the analysis and design of laminated glass, and any mechanical contribution from the cracked glass layer is fully disregarded. In this study, small-scale 2-ply specimens are investigated with a traditional 3-point-bending setup, by considering a cyclic protocol and the presence of preliminary damage corresponding to the so-called “Stage 2”. The corresponding equivalent modulus of elasticity for the cracked glass is experimentally derived from a total of 57 specimens, revealing an interesting residual mechanical capacity. © 2026 The Authors. Copy from the contract: Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID organizers Keywords: glass; laminated glass; partial fracture; mechanical response; experiments 1. Introduction Laminated glass (LG) elements are widely used in constructions. Also known as “safety glass”, LG sections are characterized by high post-breakage ductility. This quality derives from the use of two (or more) glass layers that are bonded by a polymeric film. The interlayer prevents glass shards to detach, reducing risks for people. Also, the interlayer offers a certain interlock to the fragments, which contribute to the residual mechanical capacity of the LG components (Seshadri et al., 2002; Belis et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2019). Besides, many complex interconnected phenomena take place in the post-breakage stage, and this makes rather difficult and uncertain the elaboration of 8th International Conference on Structural Integrity and Durability (ICSID2025) Experimental analysis of partially fractured annealed laminated glass elements under cyclic loads in “Stage 2” Chiara Bedon*, Riccardo Del Bello, Nicola Cella, Luca Cozzarini, Marco Fasan University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy Abstract Appropriate levels of post-breakage security and structural safety for laminated glass elements in constructions are a priority. Besides, the associated mechanisms are rather complex and challenging to assess, as well as to quantify with simplified strategies, due to a multitude of uncertainties. As such, rough calculation approaches are conservatively taken into account for the analysis and design of laminated glass, and any mechanical contribution from the cracked glass layer is fully disregarded. In this study, small-scale 2-ply specimens are investigated with a traditional 3-point-bending setup, by considering a cyclic protocol and the presence of preliminary damage corresponding to the so-called “Stage 2”. The corresponding equivalent modulus of elasticity for the cracked glass is experimentally derived from a total of 57 specimens, revealing an interesting residual mechanical capacity. © 2026 The Authors. Copy from the contract: Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID organizers Keywords: glass; laminated glass; partial fracture; mechanical response; experiments 1. Introduction Laminated glass (LG) elements are widely used in constructions. Also known as “safety glass”, LG sections are characterized by high post-breakage ductility. This quality derives from the use of two (or more) glass layers that are bonded by a polymeric film. The interlayer prevents glass shards to detach, reducing risks for people. Also, the interlayer offers a certain interlock to the fragments, which contribute to the residual mechanical capacity of the LG components (Seshadri et al., 2002; Belis et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2019). Besides, many complex interconnected phenomena take place in the post-breakage stage, and this makes rather difficult and uncertain the elaboration of 8th International Conference on Structural Integrity and Durability (ICSID2025) Experimental analysis of partially fractured annealed laminated glass elements under cyclic loads in “Stage 2” Chiara Bedon*, Riccardo Del Bello, Nicola Cella, Luca Cozzarini, Marco Fasan University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-040-558-3837. E-mail address: chiara.bedon@dia.units.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-040-558-3837. E-mail address: chiara.bedon@dia.units.it

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Copy from the contract: Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID organizers 2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Copy from the contract: Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID organizers

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSID organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.04.011