PSI - Issue 81

Mykola Pidgurskyi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 81 (2026) 439–446

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minimum available for the given diameter) were modelled. The rings extend 25 mm beyond each side of the web surface (Fig. 5(b)). It was assumed that the stiffening rings are inserted into the perforation opening and welded to the web with a continuous weld along the entire perimeter on both sides.

Fig. 5. a) geometric parameters of the analyzed perforated horizontal beam; b) reinforcement of the perforated opening with a stiffening ring

The applied loads correspond to those of a typical industrial building: self-weight, roof loads and snow loads, assuming a purlin spacing of 4 m. The resulting surface load of 1.65 kPa was converted into a linearly distributed load of 6.6 kN/m along the span. The self-weight of the beams and additional structural components was calculated automatically in the software environment. The initial (parent, original) section used for modelling was an IPE 400 profile, from which the perforated beam is produced. Its geometric parameters include: perforation diameter d = 518 mm, opening spacing s = 570 mm, and overall depth of the perforated beam h = 657.6 mm (see Fig. 5(a)). 5. Analysis of Stresses Around Openings of Perforation A comprehensive investigation was carried out for horizontal, double-pitched and arched perforated steel beams. For each configuration, the distribution of equivalent stresses around the perforation openings was obtained (Fig. 6). According to the internal force diagrams, the stress results were extracted for the end opening, the opening at one-quarter of the span, and the central opening, as these locations correspond to the zones where stress extremes typically occur for different beam types. To analyze the stress distribution along the perimeter of the openings, a diagram of equivalent stress variation around the opening contour was generated (Fig. 7).

Fig. 6. Distribution of equivalent stresses around the openings of perforation: a), b), c) horizontal beam – end opening, quarter-span opening and central opening; d), e), f) double-pitched beam – end opening, quarter-span opening and central opening; g), h), i) arched beam – end opening, quarter-span opening and central opening.