PSI - Issue 81

Dmytro Voloshyn et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 81 (2026) 264–268

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• chipping of cage elements Main failure modes of the axlebox housing:

• longitudinal burrs or scratches on the cylindrical seating surface • local wear or metal removal on the cylindrical mounting surface • corrosion of the inner cylindrical surface • local wear of the walls of the axle opening in the axlebox housing • loosening and damage of the removable labyrinth seal • rusting, burr formation, and dents in the labyrinth channels • wear of the support surface • wear of the guide surfaces of the axlebox jaws • wear of the guide flange side surface

Fig. 1. (a) Cracks, fractures, and chipping of the ring material; (b) corrosion spots on the raceways of the rings.

According to statistical data obtained from processing reporting documentation in the relevant production units for the repair of freight wagon running gear, it can be stated that approximately 44.3% of all axlebox failures are caused by bearing failures and damage. In turn, the most common cause of bearing damage during operation is surface and pitting corrosion on the raceways of the outer rings – 33.63%. (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2. Classification of the main types of bearing assembly malfunctions.

Based on the statistical information obtained, an assessment of the actual reliability indicators of freight wagon axlebox components was carried out. Bearings are products whose failures obey the Weibull-Gnedenko distribution law. The parameters of this distribution were assessed using the maximum likelihood method. After determining the distribution parameters, the time-to-failure function for the roller bearings under consideration was as follows: