PSI - Issue 81

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ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 81 (2026) 333–338

VIII International Conference “In - service Damage of Materials: Diagnostics and Prediction“ (DMDP 2025) Optimization of reinforcement spacing in CLT panels using the finite element method Denys Mykhailovskyi a , Petro Gomon b , Ihor Mudryy c, *, Andriy Pelekh c , Olena Pakholiuk d , Viktor Karbovskyi d , Oleksandr Soroka d , Andrii Oksentiuk d

a Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Povitroflotskyi Ave nue 31, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine b National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Soborna 11, 33000 Rivne, Ukraine

c Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandery 12, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine d Lutsk National Technical University, Lvivska 75, 43018 Lutsk, Ukraine

© 2026 The Authors. Copy from the contract: Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of DMDP 2025 organizers Keywords: CLT panels, timber, finite element method, reinforcement, load-bearing capacity, stiffness, stresses. 1. Introduction Timber is a unique natural material (Bojok and Vintoniv (1992); Homon et al. (2025); Patton-Mallory and Cramer (1987); Aleksiievets et al. (2024); Landis et al. (2002); Gong et al. (2019)). It has a number of advantages over other composite materials (Homon et al. (2024); Green and Kretschmann (1992); Galicki and Czech (2005); Datsiuk et al. (2024); Rudawska et al. (2020); Moya and Bano (2017)). Timber frequently operates under conditions of elevated moisture content (Janiak et al. (2023); Huang et al. (2006); Roshchuk et al. (2024)) and other aggressive environments (Matviiuk et al. (2025)). In many cases it exhibits enhanced mechanical properties (Yasniy et al. (2022); Wdowiak-Postulak (2020); Homon et al. (2024); Andor and Bellovics (2020); Soriano et al. (2016)). The most common timber load-bearing structures are beams, trusses, arches, panels, columns, and frames (Nsouami et al. (2022); Ivaniuk et al. (2025); Zhao et al. (2020); Pavluk et al. (2025); Hua et al. (2025); Sobczak-Piastka et al. (2023)). Strengthening of timber eleme nts and structures is carried out using various techniques (De la Rosa García et al. (2013); Gomon et al. (2024); Donadon et al. (2020); Subramanian (2010); Mykhailovskyi et al. (2025); Rescalvo et al. (2020)), which significantly Abstract The paper presents the results of a numerical study on the influence of reinforcement on the structural performance of CLT panels. Numerical modelling was carried out using the finite element method, with anisotropic timber behaviour accounted for. CLT panels with a thickness of 10 cm were analysed; they were reinforced with steel bars at spacings of 10 to 40 cm, while maintaining a constant reinforcement ratio. It was established that reinforcement reduces deflections and longitudinal stresses by nearly half; however, it significantly affects shear stresses in the zones adjacent to the reinforcement. The optimal reinforcement spacing was found to be approximately twice the panel thickness, as this configuration reduces shear-stress concentrations without a considerable increase in labour intensity. Based on the findings, reinforcement is recommended as an effective means to improve the stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and durability of CLT panels in construction applications.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +38-096-202-09-07; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: qwert_2024@ukr.net

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Copy from the contract: Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of DMDP 2025 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.03.058