PSI - Issue 81

Mohammad Daffa Noorsyahputra et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 81 (2026) 84–91

90

Overall, the analysis results indicate that increasing the operating load from 50% to 200% is directly proportional to the corresponding increases in stress and deformation. However, all maximum stress values obtained are lower than the yield strength of galvanized steel. This proves that the analyzed trash box structure has adequate strength and stiffness and is safe for use under actual operating conditions, provided the loads it receives do not exceed its design capacity. 5. Conclusions The numerical simulation was performed using the finite element method (FEM) in Abaqus CAE, with the trash box model discretized with S4R shell elements and an element size of 19 mm, yielding an optimal balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. The numerical analysis shows that variations in operating loads significantly affect the structural response of the trash box on water hyacinth collection vessels. Increased loads result in proportional increases in stress and displacement, indicating that the structure is operating within its linear-elastic range of behavior. The maximum stress was identified at the link between the base plate and the side wall. In contrast, the maximum displacement occurred near the top of the wall due to lateral pressure induced by the contents of the trash box. Overall, the trash box structure is safe because the maximum stress is below the yield strength of the galvanized steel. This assumption is based on the condition that the total load transferred to the vessel hull has not reached its maximum capacity. Thus, the trash box design has sufficient strength and stiffness to withstand load variations during operation and to function optimally as part of the water hyacinth collection vessel system. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the RKAT Universitas Sebelas Maret - Year 2025, under the Research Scheme of “Penguatan Kapasitas Grup Riset” (PKGR -UNS) A, with research grant/contract no. 371/UN27.22/PT.01.03/2025. The authors highly acknowledge this support. support. References Bhisikar, S., Dhoke, P., Barude, S., Solanke, R., 2025. Water Hyacinth Remover. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 13, 4717–4723. Budhu, M., 2011. Soil Mechanics and Foundations (3rd Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, United States. Budynas, R., G. and Nisbett, J., K., 2015. Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design (10th edition). McGraw - Hill, New York, United States. Çengel, Y. A., Cimbala, J. M., 2006. Fluid Mechanics: Fundamental and Applications (1st Edition). McGraw - Hill, New York, United States. Davies, R. M., Mohammed, U. S., 2011. Moisture - dependent Engineering Properties of Water Hyacinth Parts. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research, 1, 253– 263. Fhandy, B. A., Prabowo, A. R., Tuswan, T., Zubaydi, A., Smaradhana, D. F., Baek, S. J., Fitri, S. N., 2025. Crashworthiness behaviour of the stiffened panel in idealized penetration test: A developed stiffening configuration against impact loading. Brodogradnja, 76(2), 76205. Hanif, M. I., Adiputra, R., Prabowo, A. R., Yamada, Y., Firdaus, N., 2023a. Assessment of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels of ships considering uncertainties in geometrical aspects: Finite element approach and simplified formula. Ocean Engineering, 286, 115522. Hanif, M. I., Adiputra, R., Prabowo, A. R., Muhayat, N., Erwandi, E., Huda, N., 2023b. Effects of the geometrical imperfections on the ultimate strength performances: A case study on the designed - steel stiffened panel. Procedia Structural Integrity, 47, 125 - 132. Islami, D.P., Adiputra, R., Prabowo, A.R., Ehlers, E., Braun, M., Jurkovič, M., Riyalda, B.F., Wibowo, W., 2025. Effects of c revice corrosion induced by biofouling on the mechanical response of engineered plate designs as an idealization of naval and marine structures. Ocean Engineering, 340, 122406. Jacques, N., 2020. An analytical model for necking strains in stretched plates under dynamic biaxial loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 200 201, 198 - 212. Kamal, W. N. W. M., Saad, N. H., Ghani, A. R. A., Abdullah, N. R., Jazam, K. I. A., 2013. Modelling and simulation of a single deck bus subjected to rollover crash loading. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 393, 453–459. Khotsa, M. D., Mkolo, N. M., Motshudi, M. C., Mphephu, M. M., Makhafola, M. A., Naidoo, C. M., 2025. A Comprehensive Review of the Biology, Ecological Impacts, and Control Strategies of Eichhornia crassipes. Diversity, 17, 564. Langil, T., 2016. Hot - Dip Galvanized Steel Use in Bridge Construction. American Institute of Steel Construction, 15, 1 - 8. Lee, A. D., Shepherd, P., Evernden, M. C., 2020. Large deflections in thin rectangular plates subjected to uniform load: Pitfalls in the application of analytical methods. Structures, 27, 1419 - 1432. Malsyage, D., Bahatmaka, A., Kirana, A. C. C., Won, L. S., Hee, S. Y. 2025. Finite Element - Based Evaluation of Double - Hull Midsection Performance under Oblique Collision. Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika, 24(2), 121 - 135. Melnyk, O., Islami, D. P., Adiputra, R. 2025. Finite Element Modeling of Thickness Reduction and Displacement Behavior in 316L Stainless Steel Plates Under Corrosion States. Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika, 24(2), 100 - 109. Mesri, G., Hayat, T. M., 1993. The coefficient of earth pressure at rest. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30(4), 647–666. Milićević, D. B., 2023. Modeling water hyacinth growth dynamics. Archives of Biological Sciences, 75(2) , 165–185. Nalaka, D., Buddhima, H. H. D., Priyasad, A. B. D., Gamage, J., Subasinghe, L. U., 2024. Design and Development of a Water Hyacinth Removal Machine. Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Odedra, K. N., Bhutiya, K. B., Kodiyatar, N., Jadeja, B. A., 2025. Restoration Technique to Mitigate Plant Invasion - in Impact of Invasive Grasses and Plants on Biodiversity. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, Pennsylvania, United States. Prabhakaran, G., Lakshmi, R. V., Brindha, S., Reshma, P. D., 2024. Review and Analysis of Water Hyacinths and Their Environmental Impact - in Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering. IIP Series, 3, 51–58. Prabowo, A. R., Yusuf, T. F., Adie, P. W., Do, Q. T., Jurkovič, M., 2025. Engineered novel - mechanical design and performance assessment of stiffened plates against ballistic loading. Structural Integrity and Life, 25(1), 89–98.