PSI - Issue 81

Paskah Ridho Tumanggor et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 81 (2026) 522–528

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Fig. 4. Radial stress contour distributions of the ice sheet under varying impact velocities: (a) 0.8 m/s; (b) 1.2 m/s; (c) 1.4 m/s; (d) 1.6 m/s; (e) 2.0 m/s.

3.2. Effect of impact velocity on stress response The influence of impact velocity on the internal stress response of the ice sheet was examined by evaluating numerical results for loading conditions ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 m/s. This analysis aims to identify how variations in dynamic loading intensity affect the stress evolution within the ice during contact with the conical structure. The simulation outcomes were assessed by extracting the peak circumferential and radial stresses for each case, which are summarized in Table 2. These data provide a quantitative description of how stress magnitudes develop as the kinetic energy of the impacting ice increases.

Table 2. Maximum radial and circumferential stress values at various impact velocities. Velocity (m/s) Max. Circumferential Stress (Pa)

Max. Radial Stress (Pa)

0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

4.0813 × 10 5 6.2219 × 10 5 7.9316 × 10 5 9.3544 × 10 5 9.8233 × 10 5 1.1596 × 10 6 1.1953 × 10 6 1.4201 × 10 6 1.6948 × 10 6

7.8764 × 10 5 9.5311 × 10 5 1.0591 × 10 6 1.2991 × 10 6 1.3596 × 10 6 1.5070 × 10 6 1.5645 × 10 6 1.6625 × 10 6 1.7953 × 10 6