PSI - Issue 81

Mykhailo Hud et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 81 (2026) 372–376

373

Yang et al. (2025) proposed a novel method for identifying dynamic displacements and mode shapes of supertall buildings by integrating acceleration and inclination data using multisensor fusion rules, signal synchronisation, and a Kalman filter. The effectiveness of this method was validated through numerical simulations and a full-scale experiment on the Shanghai Tower. The study by Yi et al. (2024) demonstrated that the use of TFPB isolation systems substantially reduces seismic damage and residual deformations in steel frame buildings, thereby improving their functionality and recoverability across various seismic hazard scenarios. The influence of the Triple Frictional Pendulum Bearing (TFPB) system on the seismic behaviour and recoverability of a steel frame building was assessed by comparing numerical models with and without isolation through Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), nonlinear dynamic analysis, and fragility curves. The results reported by Solgi et al. (2025) showed that the implementation of TFPB significantly decreases key damage parameters — including residual displacements, interstorey drifts, and accelerations — and considerably improves the seismic functionality of the structure under diverse earthquake scenarios. Experimental tests of a new damper based on pre-tensioned pseudoelastic NiTi SMA wires demonstrated that it combines high self-centring capability with substantial energy dissipation over a wide range of loading amplitudes and frequencies, making it highly effective for structures subjected to cyclic loading, as reported by Iasnii et al. (2023). 2. Modelling The structural model of the building was developed utilising the finite element software environment known as SP LIRA. The structure measures 8 × 8 m with a storey height of 3 m, for a total of nine storeys. The creation of the spatial model involved the utilisation of three-dimensional finite elements with a 10 × 10 cm mesh, thereby ensuring sufficient detail to accurately capture the stress – strain state of the frame.

Fig 1. Framework finite element model

The study considered three types of structural materials commonly used in building frame systems: reinforced concrete of class C20/25, steel of class C235, and timber of class C20. The mechanical properties of the S235 steel material were used in the modeling: Young's modulus E = 2.1  10 5 MPa; Poisson's ratio  = 0,3; ρ= 7,8 . 10 4 N/m 3 . The materials selected for analysis enabled a comparative study to be conducted on the impact of different physico mechanical properties on the dynamic behaviour of the building and its load-bearing capacity. A series of structural configurations were examined, with each configuration incorporating a distinct material combination for the lower storeys (1 – 3) and upper storeys (4 – 9). The following material groups were the focus of the analysis:1. Storeys 1 – 9 reinforced concrete structures

1a. Storeys 1 – 3: reinforced concrete; storeys 4 – 9: steel; 1b. Storeys 1 – 3: reinforced concrete; storeys 4 – 9: timber; 2. Storeys 1 – 9 timber structures; 2a. Storeys 1 – 3: timber; storeys 4 – 9: steel; 2b. Storeys 1 – 3: timber; storeys 4 – 9: reinforced concrete; 3. Storeys 1 – 9 steel structures; 3a. Storeys 1 – 3: steel; storeys 4 – 9: reinforced concrete;