PSI - Issue 80

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 80 (2026) 289–298

© 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Ferri Aliabadi Abstract To utilize fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) more economically, efficiently, and safely, the finite element method (FEM) is widely applied to predict their mechanical behavior. In the ABAQUS material library, the built-in two-dimensional progressive damage model (2D PDM) for continuum shell elements based on the 2D Hashin criterion has been extensively used. However, in certain cases, this 2D PDM fails to accurately predict the crack propagation during the damage process. To improve the accuracy of predictions regarding damage behaviour and crack propagation, this study presents an enhanced three-dimensional progressive damage model (3D PDM) for solid element based on 3D Hashin criterion within the ABAQUS/Explicit ™ framework via a VUMAT subroutine. To this extent, torsional simulations of FRP cylindrical tubes are conducted using both PDMs, and a comparative analysis of the results reveals that the 2D PDM fails to produce reasonable crack propagation directions, whereas the 3D model generates cracks that are parallel to the fibre direction. This demonstrates that this enhanced 3D PDM can more accurately and reasonably predict crack propagation in FRP materials subjected to torsional loading, making it suitable for future simulations and resolving numerical issues in FRP material modeling. © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Fracture, Damage and Structural Health Monitoring Comparative analysis of the performance of 2D and 3D progressive damage models (PDM) in characterizing crack propagation in FRP cylindrical tubes under torsional loading Yichen Zhang a , Wouter De Corte a, * and Wim Van Paepegem b a Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 60, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium b Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium Abstract To utilize fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) more economically, efficiently, and safely, the finite element method (FEM) is widely applied to predict their mechanical behavior. In the ABAQUS material library, the built-in two-dimensional progressive damage model (2D PDM) for continuum shell elements based on the 2D Hashin criterion has been extensively used. However, in certain cases, this 2D PDM fails to accurately predict the crack propagation during the damage process. To improve the accuracy of predictions regarding damage behaviour and crack propagation, this study presents an enhanced three-dimensional progressive damage model (3D PDM) for solid element based on 3D Hashin criterion within the ABAQUS/Explicit ™ framework via a VUMAT subroutine. To this extent, torsional simulations of FRP cylindrical tubes are conducted using both PDMs, and a comparative analysis of the results reveals that the 2D PDM fails to produce reasonable crack propagation directions, whereas the 3D model generates cracks that are parallel to the fibre direction. This demonstrates that this enhanced 3D PDM can more accurately and reasonably predict crack propagation in FRP materials subjected to torsional loading, making it suitable for future simulations and resolving numerical issues in FRP material modeling. © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Professor Ferri Aliabadi Keywords: FRP; FEM; PDM; Crack propagation; Cylindrical tube torsion Fracture, Damage and Structural Health Monitoring Comparative analysis of the performance of 2D and 3D progressive damage models (PDM) in characterizing crack propagation in FRP cylindrical tubes under torsional loading Yichen Zhang a , Wouter De Corte a, * and Wim Van Paepegem b a Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 60, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium b Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium Peer-review under responsibility of Professor Ferri Aliabadi Keywords: FRP; FEM; PDM; Crack propagation; Cylindrical tube torsion

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: wouter.decorte@ugent.be * Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: wouter.decorte@ugent.be

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Professor Ferri Aliabadi 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Professor Ferri Aliabadi

2452-3216 © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Ferri Aliabadi 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.02.028