PSI - Issue 80

Thi Ngoc Diep Tran et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 80 (2026) 378–391 Thi Ngoc Diep Tran/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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Fig.1 Relation between function parameter and ceramic volume fraction.

2.2. FE model The unit cells were modeled in ABAQUS/Explicit (Dassault Systemes (2009)) using the four-node tetrahedral elements C3D4. The global seed size of 0.02 was applied for all FE models with approximately 165,000 elements. For the compression loading, the TPMS-based cell structure was placed between two rigid plates. Displacement was applied vertically downward on the top plate until a 1% strain state was achieved, while the bottom plate was fully constrained. Rough friction and hard contact were implemented as general contact to ensure no slip and penetration between the rigid plates and the TPMS unit cell, respectively. The periodicity of the structure was obtained by constraining the surfaces to be flat after deformation using the prescribed displacement boundary conditions (Lee et al., 2017), namely all nodes on the surface perpendicular to one direction have moved with the same amount in this direction. These boundary conditions can be described as follows: � = � , (6) �|� = �|� ,∀I, J ∈ℬ � (7) �|� =u �|� , ∀ � , (8) where I, J are the nodes on the same surface, � are the unit base vectors, and ℬ � are the surfaces with the unit normal vector in the -direction (see Fig. 2).

Fig. 2 FE model of Primitive unit cell under uniaxial compression with prescribed displacement boundary conditions.