PSI - Issue 79

Popa Cosmin Florin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 79 (2026) 354–360

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Fig. 4 The average Force-Displacement plots for the: a) contoured specimens, and b) un-contoured specimens

Fig. 5 Tensile Strength for the: a) contoured specimens, and b) un-contoured specimens

Figure 5 presents the tensile strength values for all specimens used in this study. The specimens printed at 0° show the highest tensile strength due to the raster orientation, as the deposited filament is aligned with the direction of the applied force. The 90° specimens exhibit similar values in both contoured and un-contoured cases, indicating that the shell contour does not significantly influence the result for this orientation. However, the 45° specimens display higher tensile strength for contoured specimens compared to un-contoured ones. This suggests that the fracture initiation was easier in un-contoured specimens, likely due to the elongation of layers and weaker interlayer bonding.

Fig 6 The average Force-Displacement plots for the: a) contoured specimens, and b) un-contoured specimens