PSI - Issue 79

Lorenzo Leonetti et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 79 (2026) 485–492

491

Fig. 5. Comparison between present data-driven and reference micromechanical homogenization for nonproportional loading paths: (a) Path 1; (b) Path 2; (c) Path 3; (d) Path 4. 5. Discussion and conclusions Based on the present results, the proposed multiscale strategy has been shown to have the following advantages: ( i ) high computational efficiency; ( ii ) high numerical accuracy in terms of stress-strain curves; and ( iii ) capability to handle both loading-unloading and nonproportional paths. As a future perspective, the proposed multiscale strategy could be enhanced to handle more general loadings by adding nonproportional paths in the DNN training phase. Acknowledgements Lorenzo Leonetti, Domenico Ammendolea, Fabrizio Greco and Paolo Lonetti acknowledge financial support by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the PRIN 2022 PNRR “SUSTainable composite structures for energy-harvesting and carbon- storing BUILDings” (Code P2022PE8BT), funded by European Union under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. References Ammendolea, D., Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Lonetti, P., Pascuzzo, A., 2023. A numerical failure analysis of nano-filled ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete structures via a moving mesh approach. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 125, 103877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2023.103877 Ammendolea, D., Greco, F., Lonetti, P., Luciano, R., Pascuzzo, A., 2021. Crack propagation modeling in functionally graded materials using Moving Mesh technique and interaction integral approach. Composite Structures 269, 114005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114005 Askarinejad, S., Choshali, H.A., Flavin, C., Rahbar, N., 2018. Effects of tablet waviness on the mechanical response of architected multilayered materials: Modeling and experiment. Composite Structures 195, 118 – 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.04.047