PSI - Issue 79

Petru Mihai Margitas et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 79 (2026) 348–353

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(Xia et al. (2023)), inspired by natural wood (Ufodike et al. (2021)), cork (Zhang et al. (2025)), cuttlebone (Cui et al. (2023)), and bamboo (Fu et al. (2019)). A particular case is represented by deep sea sponges, which have a double-diagonal reinforcement configuration, and proved to withstand axial crushing. Compared with traditional tubes and other bionic tubes, sponge-inspired tubes exhibited superior energy absorption capabilities (Wang et al. (2022)). 2D lattice structures inspired on deep-sea glass sponge highlighted superior energy absorption performance conferred by implementation of double-diagonal reinforcements within cellular structure, Zhang et al. (2024). The additive manufacturing techniques enhance the fabrication of strong, lightweight structures with geometry that is unachievable by traditional manufacturing methods, including complex lattice structures (Manonachie et al. (2019)). Digital Light Processing (DLP) belongs to the family of additive manufacturing technologies known as vat photo polymerization, Brighenti et al. (2021). The technology is based on using a light source (typically a laser beam or a projector) to cure a liquid resin into a hardened plastic solid. Cleaning and post curing process are needed to harden the component, Brighenti et al. (2023). The influence of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties was investigated by Brighenti et al. (2021, 2023), Marghitas et al. (2025). Starting from the optimal manufacturing parameters, lattice structures were manufactured and tested in compression in the present study.

Nomenclature C cushion factor E Fmax , E t energy at maximum load, total F max maximum load m* mass of lattice structure m S mass of solid material V* volume of lattice structure V S volume of solid material ρ * density of lattice structure ρ S density of solid material σ * compression strength

2. Materials and methods We considered three lattice structures: square, triangular and a bio-inspired lattice from deep sea sponge. The geometries of the three lattices are presented in Fig. 1. a b c

Fig. 1 The geometries of the considered lattice structures: (a) square, (b) triangle, (c) sponge-like