PSI - Issue 78

Chiara Miglietta et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 309–316

312

T2_C_1 T2_C_2 T3_M_1 T3_C_1 T3_C_2

S2 S2 S3 S3 S3

Cyclic Cyclic

Transverse Transverse

Monotonic

Combined 45° Combined 45° Combined 45°

Cyclic Cyclic

The geometry was adapted to the test machine for each direction of loading, while the thicknesses and materials of the three specimens remained unchanged. Three setups were designed to apply each loading condition to the specimens. To enable the machine’s jaws to grip each specimen properly, steel rigid supports were also designed onto which the specimens could be rigidly bolted. These supports could be inserted directly into the lower jaw of the machine or bolted onto the setup. The upper jaw grips the end of each pipe through a suitably designed steel grab. Figure 2 shows the three setups adopted for monotonic experimental tests.

Fig. 2. Setups of specimens: (a) S1; (b) S2; (c) S3.