PSI - Issue 78

Yangwen Zhang et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1008–1015

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Fig. 6. (a) cracks initialization position; (b) position of total maximum principal strain from simulation.

Fig. 7. Hysteresis loop of the damper during fatigue test.

4. Results analysis

To further evaluate the impact of low-cycle fatigue on the damper’s performance, the reduction in maximum design force at 100% d bd is presented in percentage form in Fig.8. After 50 cycles of 100% d bd cyclic loading, the SHARK ® hysteretic damper exhibits almost no performance degradation, retaining over 99% of its design reaction force. Until the first visible crack appears after 90 cycles, the damper still retains 91.1% of its maximum design force. Beyond 90 cycles, the maximum reaction force declines at a slightly faster rate but still maintains over 70% of its functionality by the 100th cycle. The energy dissipated by the damper in each cycle corresponds to the area enclosed by the respective hysteresis loop, which is calculated and shown in Fig.9. After the first visible crack appears at 90 cycles of 100% d bd , the SHARK ® hysteretic damper retains 89.6% of its energy dissipation capacity, continuing to provide strong protection for the main structure. Beyond 90 cycles, the energy dissipation capacity declines at a slightly faster rate but still maintains around 80% of its functionality by the 100th cycle. Based on experimental results analysis, it is evident that even after cracks become visible, the SHARK ® hysteretic damper maintains su ffi cient energy dissipation capacity, continuing to provide robust protection to the structure during seismic events.