PSI - Issue 78

Federica Rauseo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 473–480

477

max =0.1% 0

(2) • i x being the distance between the centre of the settlement trough (where the maximum settlement max occurs) and contraflexure point. Different formulations exist for calculating i x , all of them relating this parameter to excavation depth Z 0 and soil nature through a constant K . In this study, the latter is evaluated according to O'Reilly & New (1982) as = 0 (3)

BUILDING FAÇADE d x

i x

X

S max

Z 0

S v

D

L x

Fig. 3. Soil settlement profile assumed in the study

4. Structural configurations and loading protocols Twelve analysis scenarios are defined by combining three initial structural configurations with four lateral loading protocols for each model, allowing assessment on how different pre-existing conditions can influence the structural response under lateral load. 4.1. Initial structural configurations The pre-loading condition of the model is defined by one of the following three configurations: • Corrosion A (CA): corrosion acting at the base of all 24 columns over a height of 0.87 m. The reduced material properties were estimated assuming 60 years of exposure: stirrups are fully deteriorated; the longitudinal bar diameter is reduced from 14 mm to 13.2 mm; steel ultimate strain is r educed from 0.06 to 0.037; and concrete compressive strength is reduced from 18 MPa to 8.7 MPa. • Corrosion B (CB): same reduced material properties as in CA, but applied to the six columns of façade 1-Y over the full 3.40 m stor ey height. • As-built (AB): reference configuration with no reduction in material properties (no prior deterioration considered) 4.2. Load sequences All scenarios begin with a gravity load analysis under the accidental load combination to establish the initial stress state. One of the following loading protocols is then applied: • PX - Incremental displacement-controlled pushover along the X-axis • PY - Same as PX, but along the Y-axis. • SPX - Application of the settlement profile, followed by pushover along the X axis. • SPY - Application of the settlement profile, followed by pushover along the Y axis.