PSI - Issue 78

Caterina Balletti et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1823–1830

1828

Fig. 6. A portion of a form for one specific building mapped in the GENESIS platform.

4.1. Building seismic vulnerability analysis The seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings was assessed using a quantitative-qualitative model for studying the global building behaviour that eventually can be integrated with simplified kinematic analyses accounting for the out-of-plane failure of masonry portions. This model builds upon the seismic vulnerability assessment method originally proposed by Ferretti et al. (2024) and is designed to estimate a building's collapse capacity, expressed in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA ) . The method works by analytically evaluating the shear strength of masonry piers and correcting this by a set of qualitative parameters that account for the building's construction quality and structural configuration. The result is an estimated capacity Peak Ground Acceleration (PGAc) for the building. As detailed in Talledo et al. (2025), this methodology has been integrated with data from the GENESIS platform (see Section 3.3) and implemented as a Python-based tool within QGIS. Fig. 7a presents the preliminary results of applying this method to approximately 40 buildings located in the historic centre of Fiumefreddo Bruzio. The seismic capacity of these buildings is expressed in terms of return period of the seismic action corresponding to the PGAc value, taking into account the site's seismic hazard. This calculation complies with the Italian building code MIT (2018) and assumes a soil type B according to the Vs30map(map of average propagation velocity of shear waves in the first 30m) for Italy by Mori et al. (2020). The investigated buildings, ranging from one to four stories, are constructed with "Natural stone of various types and shapes" masonry and show no evidence of seismic strengthening interventions. In accordance with the Italian Commentary of Italian Technical Standard MIT (2019), the masonry mechanical properties used in the shear resistance calculations are adjusted by a confidence factor FC of 1.35, which accounts for the limited knowledge available, and a partial safety factor for masonry γ m equal to 2. More accurate surveys enable the construction of a 3D model, which is useful for obtaining the geometric and inertial properties of architectural elements. This information is crucial for conducting analyses of local mechanisms. For example, Fig.7b depicts the results of local collapse mechanism analysis on a portion of the castle using linear kinematic analysis, as per the MIT (2019) with a confidence factor FC equal to 1.35. Fig.7b also shows the preliminary study of a consolidation intervention designed to balance rapid implementation and cost containment in the post emergency phase, while also allowing for adaptation and preservation requirements. 4.2. Street network analysis The analysis of the street network employs the framework of space syntax as proposed by Hillier and Hanson (1984), which interprets human spatial organisation as a complex system where individual movements are inextricably linked to whole graph. Relevant indicators within this system were calculated using Depthmap software, an open-source program developed by the Space Syntax Laboratory. These indicators include integration, which, with higher numbers, indicates urban spaces that attract pedestrian flows and are important for the location of strategic facilities