PSI - Issue 78

Ebrahim Aminifar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1466–1473

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Fig. 2. Typological data distribution of the 1,325 single-nave churches: (a) construction periods; (b) construction material; (c) vault presence; (d) vault form; (e) presence of side chapels and apse

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Fig. 3. Height-to-Area ratio of analysed sample: (a) dispersion graph and (b) histogram distribution

Similarly, the length-to-width (L / W) ratio (Fig. 4a) was evaluated to characterize the spatial proportions of the churches. As shown in the scatter plot, there is a generally positive correlation between nave width and length, with most buildings falling within the 5 - 20 m width and 10 - 30 m length range. This reflects a typological tendency toward moderate elongation, typical of longitudinal ecclesiastical layouts. The corresponding histogram (Fig. 4b) reveals a right-skewed distribution, with the majority of L/W values concentrated between 1.2 and 2.4 and a peak in the (1.6, 2] interval. This confirms that most churches favor elongated rectangular plans over square or particularly stretched configurations. Extremely high L/W ratios (> 3.6) are infrequent, suggesting that excessive longitudinal developme nt