PSI - Issue 78

Matilde Natalizi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 449–456 The first step is to derive the damage probability curves ( = | ) as follows: ( = | ) = { 1 − ( ≥ | ) =0 ( ≥ | ) − ( ≥ +1 | ) 0 < ≤ 4 ( ≥ | ) =5 (3) Once that ( = | ) is calculated, typological economic loss curves ( = | ) can be obtained by associating each curve with its corresponding percentage of the Reconstruction Cost ( % ) according to Ministerial Decree no. 58/2017, as follows: ( ) = ∑ ( = | ) 5 =0 = ∑ % ∙ ( = | ) 5 =0 = 0,…,5 (4) where ( ) represents the total typological economic loss curve, which is independent of the specific site ’s seismic hazard. It allows the calculation of economic losses for a specific seismic event of know intensity . By introducing the seismic hazard of the site, represented by the hazard curve ℎ ( ) , seismic risk assessment can be performed by quantifying the , as follows: = ∑ 5 =0 = ∑ % ∙ ∫ ( = | ) ℎ 0 ∞ 5 =1 = 0,…,5 (5) where is obtained by summing the partial values. 3. Typological fragility curves based on AeDES forms Typological fragility curves are derived applying the methodology described in Sect. 2 (Tatangelo et al., 2024) starting from the seismic events data of L’Aquila 2009, Emilia 2012 and Central Italy 2016 which are available in the Da.D.O. (Observed Damage Database, Dolce et al. 2019) web-GIS platform. Da.D.O. collected all the AeDES forms (Baggio et al., 2007) complied since the 1976 Friuli earthquake, which contain evaluations of ordinary building usability, along with structural characteristics, typological classification, and recorded damage, according to the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). The fragility curves refer to structural typologies defined in Sect. 3 of the AeDES form, where buildings are classified based on the combination of vertical and horizontal structural elements. In particular, the vertical structure is defined by the presence or absence of tie rods and the quality of the masonry, while the horizontal structure is defined by the slab type, as these are the parameters that most influence the structural behavior under seismic action. Table 1 summarizes the structural typology defined for each vertical and horizontal structure combination in the AeDES form, while the fundamental parameters of the fragility curves are listed in the Appendix (Table 5). 451

Table 1. Typological classes for masonry buildings according to the AeDES form classification (Baggio et al., 2007)

Vertical structures

Type I : Irregular layout and bad quality

Type II: Regular layout and good quality

Without tie rods or tie beams

With tie rods or tie beams

Without tie rods or tie beams

With tie rods or tie beams

MASONRY STRUCTURES

No

Identified

A

B

C

D

E

1

No Identified

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A

1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B

1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C

1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D

1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E

2 Vaults without tie rods

3

Vaults with tie rods

4 Beams with flexible slab 5 Beams with semirigid slab

structures

Horizontal

6

Beams with rigid slab