PSI - Issue 78

Antonio Cefalì et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1350–1357

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robust maintenance and inspection regimes are crucial for early deterioration detection, as emphasized by the Italian Guidelines for Bridges and Tunnels (Italy, 2022a, 2022b). Emergency preparedness and response planning, coupled with investment in research, innovation, and public awareness, further bolster resilience. The Observational Method, advocating adaptive management through continuous monitoring, aligns well with this goal. Ultimately, building network resilience to seismic events is a strategic imperative, requiring a holistic integration of advanced engineering, smart technologies, robust governance, and continuous learning to ensure the long-term safety, sustainability, and functionality of transportation systems. 10. Conclusions and future developments Geotechnical monitoring is crucial for protecting road infrastructure from seismic and hydrogeological risks. This paper has shown how combining traditional methods with new technologies creates a strong framework for continuous, real-time monitoring. This continuous data, along with clear thresholds and early warning systems, allows for proactive risk management, timely anomaly detection, and quick decisions on traffic and operations, ultimately reducing the chance of major failures. The Observational Method also offers a flexible way to optimize engineering solutions based on real-time observations. Future advancements in data integration, predictive modeling (including digital twins), AI for anomaly detection, cost-effective sensors, and standardization will further enhance geotechnical monitoring's role in building more resilient and sustainable road infrastructure. References Alatza, S., Loupasakis, C., Apostolakis, A., Tzouvaras, M., Themistocleous, K., Kontoes, C., Danezis, C., Hadjimitsis, D.G., 2024. 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