PSI - Issue 78

Somayeh Gholami et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1459–1465

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• N mx|yi is the number of masonry piers in the considered direction at level i; • A x|yi, j is the shear-resistant area of pier j in the considered direction at level i.

Once the capacity in terms of spectral acceleration is calculated, a LSLS is obtained from the elastic spectrum based on the building’s fundamental period T 1 , and the site-dependent spectral shape parameters S, T c , F 0 , T c , according to Equation (9). ={ , ( 1 ) 0 , < 1 < , ( 1 ) 0 1 , < 1 < (9) 3. Case Studies Casertavecchia is a well-preserved medieval village located on the slopes of the Tifatini hills in the Campania region of southern Italy, at an elevation of about 400 meters above sea level. Once a strategic Norman stronghold between the 11th and 14th centuries, the town retains a dense and compact urban layout characterized by narrow stone-paved streets and traditional masonry buildings. A general view the historic center is provided in Fig. 1a, while in Fig. 1b the examined buildings are highlighted, which can be considered as representative of the local unreinforced masonry (URM) construction typologies commonly found in this area.

a

b

Fig. 1. Aerial view of the medieval village of Casertavecchia (a) and the five case study buildings (b)

All buildings are constructed using irregular tuff stone units and lime-based mortar. They exhibit pitched, lightweight roofs with modest thrust typical of traditional constructions in the region. The structures vary in height (from one to three storeys) and show different plan configurations, including cases with moderate plan irregularity. Geometric data such as wall length and thickness, number of storeys, and overall dimensions were obtained from architectural surveys and archival sources performed within the activities of the GENESIS research project. These inputs were used to perform seismic capacity evaluations using the EL1 methodology A summary of the main structural and geometric characteristics is provided in Table 1, while the architectural plans of the buildings are reported in Fig. 2.