PSI - Issue 78

Antonella Ranaldo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 552–559

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4. Conclusions In this paper the seismic vulnerability of some macro-elements of existing masonry churches is investigated. To this scope, preliminary FEM models have been implemented, in order to perform NLPAs. Two case studies have been considered, an Italian and a Romanian church. NLPAs have been conducted for simulating the out-of-plane overturning of the lateral façade, and of the and the in-plane response of the triumphal arch. A comparison among the obtained results highlights that in the case of the lateral façade the failure mechanism is almost similar in the case of the two churches. In contrast, in the case of the triumphal arch the failure mechanism is different, owing to the wall above the arch in the case of Saint Fransis of Assisi Church. Finally, if the lateral walls’ presence is considered in numerical models, significant variations are observed on the base total shear peak and the triumphal arch stiffness, even if the failure mode does not vary markedly. In future, further analysis will be conducted on other macro-elements of the two churches. The findings will then be compared to ascertain the similarities and differences between Italian and Romanian churches properly taken into the interaction among the macro-elements. In addition, also global numerical models will be implemented in order to investigate the hierarchy among the local and global response mechanisms. Acknowledgements This research was granted by Next Generation UE - PNRR “Tech4You Project” funds as -signed to Basilicata University Spoke 4 (PP4.2.1 - Materials, Architecture and Design: Open Knowledge and innovative digital tools for Cultural Heritage). References Unesco, 1983. Report of the Director-General on the proceedings of the Intergovernmental Conference concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms with a view to developing a Climate of Opinion Favourable to the Strengthening of Security and to Disarmament. General Conference, 22nd session, Paris ICCROM, 1998. Feldein, B.M., Jokilehto, J. Management Guidelines for world cultural heritage sites. CENAPRED, 2014. Diagnóstico de Peligros e Identificación de Riesgo de Desastres en México, Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres, Coyoacán, México Directive of the Prime Minister (D.P.M) 2011., (G.U. no. 47, 2011). Assessment and mitigation of seismic risk of cultural heritage with reference to the technical code for the design of the construction, issued by D.M. 14/01/2008, Rome (Italy). In Italian D'Amato, M., Sulla, R., 2021. Investigations of masonry churches seismic performance with numerical models: application to a case study. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 21(161) Lo Monaco, A., Grillanda, N., Onescu, I., Fofiu, M., Clementi, F., D’Amato, M., Formisano, A., Milani, G., Mosoarca, M., 2023 . Seismic assessment of Romanian Orthodox masonry churches in the Banat area through a multi-level analysis framework. Engineering Failure Analysis 153: 107539 Lo Monaco, A., Ranaldo, A., Sulla, R., D’Amato, M., 2024. Overview of multilevel seismic risk assessments on existing buildings, 22nd International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, ICNAAM 2024, Crete, Greece, Sep. 11-17, 2024. In press Lo Monaco, A., Ranaldo, A., D’Amato, M., Gigliotti, R., Mosoarca, M., 2025. Finite element modelling for seismic assessment of existing masonry churches – Part I: Global analyses, ECCOMAS Procedia -10th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2025, Rhodes Island, Greece, June 15-18, 2025. In press Ranaldo, A., Lo Monaco, A ., D’Amato, M., Gigliotti, R., Mosoarca, M., 2025. Finite element modelling for seismic assessment of existing masonry churches – Part II: Local analyses, ECCOMAS Procedia -10th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2025, Rhodes Island, Greece, June 15-18, 2025. In press Ministerial Degree (M.D) 2018. Instructions for the application of the Ministerial Decree. In Italian Romanian Design Code (R.D.C) 2013. Ministry of Regional Development Public Administration and European Funds (P100-1/) Danciu, L., Nandan, S., Reyes, C., Basili, R., Weatherill, G., Beauval, C., Rovida, A., Vilanova, S., Sesetyan, K., Bard, P.Y., Cotton, F., Wiemer,

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