PSI - Issue 78
Marius Eteme Minkada et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 177–184
182
a
b
Element
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Element
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
o • •
• •
o
Column
Column
o
o
Roof element
Roof element
Sealant
Sealant
Vertical panel
Vertical panel
Horizontal panel
Horizontal panel
• o o •
• o o • o • o •
Masonry infill
Masonry infill
Windows
Windows
o • o •
Drywall partition
Drywall partition
Internal door
Internal door
o • o • o • o •
•
o o •
Storage racks
Storage racks
Overhead crane
Overhead crane
o •
Hydraulic elevator Electric elevator
Hydraulic elevator Electric elevator
o •
o •
o • o • o • o • o • o • o •
Refrigerator
Refrigerator
o • o • o • o • o • o •
Generator
Generator
Electrical panel
Electrical panel
Control centre
Control centre
Compressor
Compressor
Air handling unit
Air handling unit
Cooling towers
Cooling towers
Fig. 3. Seismic risk levels for Emilia (a) and L’Aquila (b) site. Note: the empty circles refer to the as -is condition, while the filled ones refer to the retrofitted condition.
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