PSI - Issue 78

Yang Liu et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 2030–2037

2036

Figure 6. Component fragility curves for pier drift ratio of (a) slight damage, (b) moderate damage and for displacement ductility of (c) slight damage, (d) moderate damage Fig. 8 illustrates the expected functionality of the bridge for each damage state, estimated by considering both the conditions (RM and SM). It can be noted that the corresponding recovery paths are different. For each damage state, RM condition is related to a lower residual functionality and a longer recovery time. The difference is reduced in extensive and complete damage conditions, as shown in Fig.8 (c) and (d). This results from the low probabilities associated to strong events and severe damage. From Fig.8, it can be concluded that the maximum relative errors for the expected resilience of RM to SM is nearly 10%, at least for the selected case study. More details about expected resilience rapidity and robustness can be found in Liu et al 2024.

SM

RM

100

100

100

98

99

80

96

98

60

Expected functionality (%)

Expected functionality (%)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 94

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 97

Time (Month)

(b)

Time (Month)

40

(a)

Slight damage Moderate damage Extensive damage Complete damage

100.00

99.9992 99.9994 99.9996 99.9998 100.0000

Functionality (%)

99.99

20

99.98

0

99.97

0

2

4

6

8 10 12

Time (Month)

Expected functionality (%)

Expected functionality (%)

99.96

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time (Month)

Time (Month)

(d)

(c)

Figure 7. Empirical functionality recovery profiles

Figure 8. Expected functionality in 50 years of (a) slight damage, (b) moderate damage, (c) extensive damage and (d) complete damage

5 Conclusions For bridges in near-fault regions, a refined approach for probabilistic seismic resilience assessment has been proposed. The impact of near-fault ground motions is evaluated by using the results of probabilistic seismic hazard disaggregation. According to the selected case study, a steel-concrete composite bridge located in California, the following conclusions are drawn: • The occurrence of NF and FF earthquakes significantly affects seismic hazard, seismic fragility and the functionality recovery function. By using the RM approach to integrate in the analysis procedure these three