PSI - Issue 78

Giada Frappa et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 89–97

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- The influence of beam bar anchorage details tends to diminish as the column axial load increases, owing to enhanced bond conditions within the joint core. - The axial load level, while beneficial for bond performance and ductility, has a less significant impact on the ultimate joint strength compared to the joint transverse reinforcement ratio. Acknowledgements The research was partially funded by Italian Department of Civil Protection (within the framework of Executive Projects DPC_ReLUIS 2024 – 2026), whose support is greatly appreciated. This work was also funded by the European Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR) – MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.5 – D.D. 1058 23/06/2022, ECS00000043), within the Interconnected Nord-Est Innovation Ecosystem (iNEST). This manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions, neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them. References Adibi, M., Marefat, M., Allahvirdizadeh, D., 2018. Nonlinear modeling of cyclic response of RC beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars. Bullettin of Earthquake Engineering 16, 5529 – 5556. Bedirhanoglu, I., Ilki, A., Pujol, S., Kumbasar, N., 2010. Behavior of deficient joints with plain bars and low-strength concrete. ACI Structural Journal 107(3), 300 – 310. Braga, F., Gigliotti, R., Laterza, M., 2009. R/C existing structures with smooth reinforcing bars: experimental behaviour of beam-column joints subjected to cyclic lateral loads. The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal 3(1), 52 – 67. Cosgun, C., Turk, AM., Mangir, A., Cosgun, T., 2020. Experimental behaviour and failure of beam-column joints with plain bars, low-strength concrete and different anchorage details. Engineering Failure Analysis 109, 104247. De Risi, M.T., Verderame, G.M., 2017. Experimental assessment and numerical modelling of exterior non-conforming beam-column joints with plain bars. Engineering Structures 150, 115 – 134. Di Marco, C., Frappa, G., G, Sabbà, M.F., Campione, G., Pauletta, M., 2023. Shear strength formula for interior beam-column joints with plain bars in existing buildings. Engineering Structures 293, 115 – 134. Frappa, G., Pauletta, M., 2022. Seismic retrofitting of a reinforced concrete building with strongly different stiffness in the main directions, Fib Symposium. Rome, Italy, 499 – 508. Liu, A., Park, R., 2001. Seismic behaviour and retrofit of pre- 1970’s as -built exterior beam-column joints reinforced by plain round bars. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 34(1), 68 – 81. Melo, J., Varum, H., Rossetto, T., Costa, A., 2012. Cyclic response of RC beam-column joints reinforced with plain bars: an experimental testing campaign, 15th WCEE, World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Lisboa, Portugal, Paper #4799. Pampanin, S., Calvi, G.M., Moratti, M., 2002. Seismic behaviour of RC beam-column joints designed for gravity loads, 12th ECEE, European Conference on Earthquake Engineering. London, Portugal, Paper #726. Russo, G., Pauletta, M., 2012. Seismic behavior of exterior beam-column connections with plain bars and effects of upgrade. ACI Structural Journal 109(2), 225 – 233.