PSI - Issue 78

Fadel Ramadan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 859–866

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for the generation of synthetic accelerograms. These findings also underscore the value of adopting modern, site specific and mechanism-consistent ground motion models, such as ITA18 for both horizontal and vertical components, in advanced performance-based seismic design. The level of 3D compatibility achieved demonstrates the limitations of conventional code spectra, which are still based on outdated VH ratios and fail to capture near-source effects that significantly influence the vertical response.

References

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