PSI - Issue 78

Valentina Buonocunto et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 169–176

173

o Medium-small municipalities: population between 2,000 and 10,000 inhabitants. o Medium-large municipalities: population between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants. o Large municipalities: population over 50,000 inhabitants.

.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Figure 3. Distribution of masonry types by age of construction: (a) <1919; (b) 1919–1945; (c) 1946–1961; (d) 1962–1971; (e) 1972–1981; (f) >1981. The distribution by altitude class (Figure 4a) reveals that B1 masonry is the most widespread in mountain areas, accounting for 38.6%, followed by B2 at 23.4%, suggesting a persistent use of stone masonry techniques in more isolated and elevated territories. In hilly municipalities, the prevalence of B1 and B2 types remains significant but begins to give way to more regular typologies. By contrast, plain municipalities are dominated by C2 masonry, reaching 94.7%, followed by C1 at 77.5%, indicating widespread adoption of modern, engineered masonry in more accessible and urbanised areas. When analysed by population size (Figure 4b), masonry typologies also show distinct population dependency. In small municipalities, the combined presence of A1 and A2 typologies, which are irregular and traditional, is close to 50%, reflecting a predominantly historical and vulnerable building stock. These types are still relevant in medium small municipalities, while in medium-large municipalities, the proportion of regular masonry (C1 and C2) increases notably. In large municipalities, C2 becomes the most dominant typology, representing 42.5% of the stock, while A1 is entirely lacking, confirming the transition toward more standardised and regulated construction practices in urban contexts.