PSI - Issue 78

Silvia Santarelli et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 333–340

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5. Functional criteria for building a 72-hour self-sufficiency kit The ability of a family or individual to survive autonomously for the first 72 hours after a disaster is fundamental, as this is the estimated time for the arrival of the first organized aid. The construction of a 72-hour self-sufficiency kit must be based on functional criteria, ensuring that each component is useful for meeting primary needs in an emergency context (French Government, 2022; Italian Ministry of Health, 2003). The modular approach allows for flexibility and a personalization based on individual and family needs, while still ensuring an essential common base. 5.1. Backpack module The backpack is the essential component that holds everything together, so it must be robust, equipped with a waterproof cover (or waterproof), and of sufficient capacity (40-50 liters) to hold all modules (see Fig.3). The presence of multiple pockets and compression straps facilitates organization and portability. It's advisable to refer to brands specialized in trekking or mountaineering, which are also used by professional personnel (alpine and speleological rescue, firefighters, or police). 5.2. Food-water module • Food: Non-perishable food rations not requiring cooking with adequate caloric content and a long shelf life • Potable water: at least 3 liters per person per day

• Accessories: Cutlery, reusable cups, paper napkins, and any other useful accessories • Swiss Army knife: military-grade or with at least 18 functions, including a can opener

5.3. Medical module • First aid kit: It's essential that the kit's contents are always intact and have a valid expiration date. It is necessary

periodically checking and restocking if necessary. (Italian Ministry of Health, 2003) • Thermal emergency blanket: Essential to prevent hypothermia or manage hyperthermia • Space for personal and life-saving medications, included a pair of spare glasses

5.4. Electronics module • Emergency communication: Battery-powered radio with weather function and emergency frequency band • Long-lasting cell phones or smartphones: With charged battery, traditional chargers (USB-C, micro USB), dual SIM capability, and two SIM cards from different physical operators • Backup power: Power bank high capacity for multiple recharges, spare batteries for radio • Compact and pocket-sized solar charger: They enable solar energy capture while staying light and portable • Various cables: For charging and connecting devices

5.5. Extra module

• Cash and duplicate house and car keys • Waterproof envelope with photocopies of ID and important documents, contact numbers and other priority information

• Local area map and compass • Electronic lighter and candles

• Games • Whistle