PSI - Issue 78

Roberta Di Chicco et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 497–504

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models of the built environment; both qualitative and quantitative local construction and structural characteristics need to be identified. This process is often supported by the categorisation of buildings into typological classes sharing consistent construction periods and material characteristics. To this purpose, the fist-level CARTIS form was initially applied to the entire municipality. The adopted procedure is structured into four sections (from Section 0 to Section 3), which allow for: (i) collecting the main attributes of the surveyed urban area and identifying the homogeneous urban sectors; (ii) cataloguing data on the prevailing building types within each sector; (iii) gathering data on the geometric and structural characteristics of sampled buildings and (iv) analysing the main structural elements of the buildings. The municipality of Lavello was divided into three sub-areas (C0i): C01 – historic centre, C02 – expansion area, and C03 – completion area (Figure 1a).

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b)

Fig. 1. (a) Identified urban sector (C0i) within the municipality of Lavello-PZ and (b): Historical-urban evolution of the historical centre (C01).

The expansion area (C02) encompasses most of the urban centre. Its initial development dates to the 1920s; however, the major expansion toward the west occurred in the 1960s. The growth in various directions was planned, resulting in a highly regular grid urban layout. Two predominant building types were identified: (i) masonry buildings, typically three stories high, constructed with regular Apulian tuff blocks and (ii) reinforced concrete frame structures, generally four stories high, many of which were built prior to the enforcement of national seismic design codes. The completion area (C03) consists of low-density clusters of residential buildings. The initial development of this area dates to the 1980s, when several housing complexes were constructed to meet the demand caused by the uninhabitability of buildings affected by landslides in the historic sector. This study will focus on the urban sector C01, due to its historical and architectural values. The analysis of the urban evolution of the historical centre is depicted in Figure 1b. The medieval nucleus shows an irregular, organically developed urban layout, originally it was fortified but today only a few remains and some of the original gateways are still preserved. The area also includes the first urban expansion to the south-west, which also developed spontaneously. This zone, in the south, was affected by landslide events during the 1980s; as a result, only a few buildings are currently inhabited. The perimeter of the historic sector also includes early 19 th -century urban expansions that developed westward, following a more regular layout characterised by a north-east to south west orientations. The building stock is entirely masonry and predominantly residential. The maintenance conditions range from poor to good, with approximately 15% of the units currently uninhabited. Commercial functions are present in about 35% of ground floors, primarily in the most recent expansion. The mapping of the various urban fabrics (Figure 1b) also highlights the morphology of the building aggregates. Approximately 500 buildings are present, organised into 159 aggregates. Among them, two recurring aggregation patterns can be identified: • Block-type aggregates, fully built-up and composed of interlocked units forming quadrangular shapes, more or less regular in geometry. This pattern is typical of the medieval core and, to a lesser extent, of the first expansion area;