Issue 77

N. A. Alang et al., Fracture and Structural Integrity, 77 (2026) 340-361; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.77.20

Figure 10: Mesh Sensitivity Analysis.

Figure 11: Load-displacement curve of (a) As-received specimen, (b) 4% pre-strained specimen, (c) 8% pre-strained specimen, (d) 12% pre-strained specimen. In the later deformation stages, namely plastic bending (0.15–0.5 mm punch displacement) and membrane stretching (0.5– 1.4 mm punch displacement), all curves exhibit a similar increasing load trend. However, the specimens with 12% pre-strain

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