PSI - Issue 77

Pawel Madejski et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 323–330 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000

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Figure 1. Tensile test sample configuration according to ISO 257-2-A standard.

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Figure 2. Designed infill pattern of samples used for tensile tests by Cura slicing software: a) Cubic; b) Lines; c) Triangle; d) Octet; e) Quarter Cubic. 2.2. Tensile test and thermal monitoring method Static tensile tests were carried out using an MTS 810 servo-hydraulic testing machine with a maximum load capacity of 100 kN, as illustrated in Figure 3.A. The testing system was controlled via an MTS FlexTest SE controller and operated through TestWorks 4 software, allowing precise regulation of loading parameters and real-time data acquisition. Test specimens were firmly secured in the machine’s hydraulic grips to prevent misalignment or slippage during testing, as shown in Figure 3a. The tensile tests were conducted under displacement control at a constant actuator speed of 1 mm/min, ensuring deformation remained within the elastic range of the material. To accurately capture local strain behavior, a clip-on extensometer (Epsilon 3542-025M-025-ST) was used to measure longitudinal strain over a 25 mm gauge length, with a measurement range of ±6.25 mm. Transverse strain was simultaneously measured using an extensometer, featuring a ±2.5 mm range. Both extensometers were directly attached to the test specimen to ensure precise tracking of deformation, as shown in Figure 3b. In addition to mechanical measurements, a FLIR thermal imaging camera was employed to monitor the thermal response of the PLA specimen during tensile loading. This enabled visualization of any localized heating effects, which could indicate the onset of plastic deformation, strain localization, or dissipative mechanisms. The thermal monitoring setup is depicted in Figure 3c.