PSI - Issue 77

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

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Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 183–189

International Conference on Structural Integrity On dynamic fracture along curved planes of weakness Koji Uenishi a, * a Department of Advanced Energy, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan International Conference on Structural Integrity On dynamic fracture along curved planes of weakness Koji Uenishi a, * a Department of Advanced Energy, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan

© 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers Abstract The wave field generated by dynamic fracture in elastic solids varies considerably depending on the Mach numbers, i.e. the ratios between the speed of the propagating fracture tip and the longitudinal (P) and shear (S) wave speeds. However, the wave field itself is symmetric with respect to the fracture plane as long as the fracture propagates in a straight manner. This symmetry is held even when fracture propagates straightly along a plane of weakness (interface) between identical solids, and therefore, in order to break the symmetry, usually, fracture propagation along an interface between dissimilar solids is considered. Here, another possibility to break the symmetry, namely, fracture propagation along a curved interface between identical solids, is investigated. As simply expected, two-dimensional finite difference numerical simulations of fracture (an energy source) moving dynamically along a circular or an arc-shaped loose interface show that the wave field becomes indeed asymmetric with respect to the interface, and the induced waves can be strongly confined to specific regions on the convex side of the interface regardless of the Mach numbers. Possible influences of this asymmetric wave confining or focusing due to the existence of curved interfaces are considered by treating real phenomena found in the event of the 2024 Noto Peninsula, Japan, earthquake. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers Keywords: Fracture-induced wave; curved plane of weakness; wave confining effect 1. Introduction The Mach number, the ratio of some speed c to the relevant sound speed, is a very common dimensionless quantity and intensively employed in fluid dynamics (see e.g. Anderson and Cadou (2023)), but also in solid mechanics, for instance, the relative speed of a moving energy source can be a decisive quantity in understanding the induced wave Abstract The wave field generated by dynamic fracture in elastic solids varies considerably depending on the Mach numbers, i.e. the ratios between the speed of the propagating fracture tip and the longitudinal (P) and shear (S) wave speeds. However, the wave field itself is symmetric with respect to the fracture plane as long as the fracture propagates in a straight manner. This symmetry is held even when fracture propagates straightly along a plane of weakness (interface) between identical solids, and therefore, in order to break the symmetry, usually, fracture propagation along an interface between dissimilar solids is considered. Here, another possibility to break the symmetry, namely, fracture propagation along a curved interface between identical solids, is investigated. As simply expected, two-dimensional finite difference numerical simulations of fracture (an energy source) moving dynamically along a circular or an arc-shaped loose interface show that the wave field becomes indeed asymmetric with respect to the interface, and the induced waves can be strongly confined to specific regions on the convex side of the interface regardless of the Mach numbers. Possible influences of this asymmetric wave confining or focusing due to the existence of curved interfaces are considered by treating real phenomena found in the event of the 2024 Noto Peninsula, Japan, earthquake. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers Keywords: Fracture-induced wave; curved plane of weakness; wave confining effect 1. Introduction The Mach number, the ratio of some speed c to the relevant sound speed, is a very common dimensionless quantity and intensively employed in fluid dynamics (see e.g. Anderson and Cadou (2023)), but also in solid mechanics, for instance, the relative speed of a moving energy source can be a decisive quantity in understanding the induced wave

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-4-7136-3824; fax: +81-4-7136-3824. E-mail address: uenishi@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-4-7136-3824; fax: +81-4-7136-3824. E-mail address: uenishi@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers 2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.01.025