PSI - Issue 77

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ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 413–423

© 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers Abstract The work is characterized by the development of an intelligent control system for small biomass combustion plants intended for households. The main one is the optimization of the combustion of waste and invasive biofuels (especially Japanese knotweed), alo ne or in combination with coniferous wood, in order to increase efficiency and reduce the production of particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ). The proposed system integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, sensors and machine learning algorithms to control the combustion process in real time based on the requirements for thermal output and fuel characteristics. The focus is also on maintaining the structural integrity of the combustion plant components, especially the combustion chamber and heat exchanger. These are exposed to thermomechanical cyclic loading, corrosive components and sintering during operation. The work therefore also tests the possibility of adding additives to fuels, which have a positive effect on increasing the ash melting temperature and thus reducing the formation of deposits and corrosive environments. Intelligent control subsequently contributes to long-term operational stabilization and prolonging the life of the equipment. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers Keywords: Biomass fuels ; Heat source ; Emissions ; Smart control 1. Introduction Small-scale biomass boilers are widely used for residential heating but remain significant contributors to air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM₁₀) and carbon monoxide. Traditional control systems often lack flexibility in adapting to varying fuel quality and dynamic operating conditions. Recent advances in smart technologies, including low-cost sensors, IoT platforms, and predictive algorithms, enable real-time monitoring and optimization of combustion. Intelligent regulation offers the potential to reduce emissions by over 30%, stabilize thermal output, and International Conference on Structural Integrity Intelligent control of biomass combustion with respect to the structural integrity of small heat sources Michal Holubčík 1 , Miriam Nicolanská 1 and Patrik Nemec 1 1 Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia, michal.holubcik@fstroj.uniza.sk Abstract The work is characterized by the development of an intelligent control system for small biomass combustion plants intended for households. The main one is the optimization of the combustion of waste and invasive biofuels (especially Japanese knotweed), alo ne or in combination with coniferous wood, in order to increase efficiency and reduce the production of particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ). The proposed system integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, sensors and machine learning algorithms to control the combustion process in real time based on the requirements for thermal output and fuel characteristics. The focus is also on maintaining the structural integrity of the combustion plant components, especially the combustion chamber and heat exchanger. These are exposed to thermomechanical cyclic loading, corrosive components and sintering during operation. The work therefore also tests the possibility of adding additives to fuels, which have a positive effect on increasing the ash melting temperature and thus reducing the formation of deposits and corrosive environments. Intelligent control subsequently contributes to long-term operational stabilization and prolonging the life of the equipment. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers Keywords: Biomass fuels ; Heat source ; Emissions ; Smart control 1. Introduction Small-scale biomass boilers are widely used for residential heating but remain significant contributors to air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM₁₀) and carbon monoxide. Traditional control systems often lack flexibility in adapting to varying fuel quality and dynamic operating conditions. Recent advances in smart technologies, including low-cost sensors, IoT platforms, and predictive algorithms, enable real-time monitoring and optimization of combustion. Intelligent regulation offers the potential to reduce emissions by over 30%, stabilize thermal output, and International Conference on Structural Integrity Intelligent control of biomass combustion with respect to the structural integrity of small heat sources Michal Holubčík 1 , Miriam Nicolanská 1 and Patrik Nemec 1 1 Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia, michal.holubcik@fstroj.uniza.sk

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers 2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of ICSI organizers

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