PSI - Issue 77

H. Lopes et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 673–680 H. Lopes/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000 – 000

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phase maps between small time intervals minimizes speckle decorrelation, and the subsequent summation effectively mitigates random distortions from air convection and external vibrations. Acknowledgements This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), LAETA Base 681 Funding (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/50022/2020). References Aebischer, H.A., Waldner, S., 1999. Simple and effective method for filtering speckle-interferometric phase fringe patterns. Optics Communications, 162(4), 205 – 210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00116-9 Ali, H.S., Ibarra-Castanedo, C., Maldague, X.P.V., 2024. Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Hybrid and Advanced Structures: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Applications, and Emerging Trends. Sensors, 24(12), 3635. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123635 Araújo dos Santos, J.V., Lopes, H., 2024. 4 - Assessment of impact damage of composite structures using digital shearography. In M. Saeedifar & M. Nasr Saleh (Eds.), Non-destructive Testing of Impact Damage in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (pp. 87 – 113). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-14120-1.00004-2 ASTM E2581-07 (Standard Practice for Shearography on Polymer Matrix Composites, Sandwich Core Materials and Filament Wound Pressure Vessel's in Aerospace Applications). (n.d.). Burkov, M., Lyubutin, P., Byakov, A., Panin, S., 2017. Detecting barely visible impact damages of honeycomb and laminate CFRP using digital shearography. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1909, 020022. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5013703 Hung, Y.Y., 1999. Applications of digital shearography for testing of composite structures. Composites Part B-Engineering, 30(7), 765 – 773. Hung, Y.Y., Ho, H.P., 2005. Shearography: An optical measurement technique and applications. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 49(3), 61 – 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.001 Hung, Y.Y., Luo, W.D., Lin, L., Shang, H. M., 2000. Evaluating the soundness of bonding using shearography. Composite Structures, 50(4), 353 – 362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00109-4 Kreis, T., 2006. Handbook of holographic interferometry: optical and digital methods. John Wiley & Sons. Krupka, R., Walz, T., Ettemeyer, A., 2005. Industrial applications of shearography for inspection of aircraft components. Proc SPIE, 5852. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.621713 Lopes, H., Ferreira, F., Araújo Dos Santos, J.V., Moreno-García, P., 2014. Localization of damage with speckle shearography and higher order spatial derivatives. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 49(1 – 2), 24 – 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.12.016 Paul, S., Balamurugan, V., 2022. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 12(1), 1 – 12. Reis Lopes, H.M., Araújo Dos Santos, J.V., Mota Soares, C. M., Miranda Guedes, R. J., Pires Vaz, M. A., 2011. A numerical-experimental method for damage location based on rotation fields spatial differentiation. Computers and Structures, 89(19 – 20), 1754 – 1770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.03.014 Saeedifar, M., Saleh, M.N., 2024. Non-destructive Testing of Impact Damage in Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites: Fundamentals and Applications. Elsevier. Smith, S.W., 1997. The scientist and engineer’s guide to digital signal processing. California Technical Publishing. Tao, N., Groves, R.M., Anisimov, A.G., 2025. Shearography pair method for reliable non-destructive inspection of millimeter and submillimeter defects in fiber-reinforced composites. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117980 Vyas, J., Kazys, R., 2018. A Review on Nondestructive Techniques and Characteristics of Composite Materials for the Aerospace System. MATEC Web of Conferences, 233, 00003. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300003 Yang, L., Xie, X., 2016. Digital shearography: new developments and applications (p. 240). SPIE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2235244 Yang, R., He, Y., Zhang, H., 2016. Progress and trends in nondestructive testing and evaluation for wind turbine composite blade. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1225 – 1250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.026 Yang, W.S., L. X., 2003. Digital Shearography: Theory and Application of Digital Speckle Pattern Shearing Interferometry (Issue PM100). SPIE.

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