Issue 76

A.Abdulridha et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 76 (2026) 129-153; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.09

control displacements under moderate seismic demands. The hybrid solution reaps the best of both worlds, reducing the detrimental dynamic amplification effects in tall buildings associated with pure bracing and not relying entirely on damping.

Figure 13: The pushover patterns for 5-story steel buildings.

P LASTIC HINGE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS n 5-story buildings, bare frames show 65% beam and 35% column hinging indicating soft-story risk, while brace only concentrates 82% damage in braces. Damper-only spreads damage across beams (52%), columns (28%), and dampers (20%), but hybrid localizes 78% damage in replaceable friction dampers with only 4% in primary frame. I

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