Issue 76
A.Abdulridha et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 76 (2026) 129-153; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.09
braces and friction dampers, achieve best displacement and drift control for low-, mid-, and high-rise steel frames, and that with very strong earthquakes their effectiveness is most significant in a 5-story building, at reductions of 50–60%. The hybrid design achieved results superior to the brace-only and damper-only cases by obtaining a good balance of moderate initial stiffness (avoiding large drifts) and strong energy dissipation (reducing residual deformations), and thus afforded the best protection from seismic excitation, damage localization and costly repairs.
WITHOUT
WITHOUT
El Centro
Loma Prieta
Kobe
El Centro
Loma Prieta
Kobe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
STORY
STORY
0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
DRIFT mm/ mm
DISPLACEMENT mm
BRACE
BRACE
El Centro
Loma Prieta
Kobe
El Centro
Loma Prieta
Kobe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
STORY
STORY
0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
DRIFT mm/ mm
DISPLACEMENT mm
DAMPER
DAMPER
El Centro
Loma Prieta
Kobe
El Centro
Loma Prieta
Kobe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
STORY
STORY
0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
DRIFT mm/ mm
DISPLACEMENT mm
142
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