Issue 75

A. Casaroli et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 75 (2026) 179-199; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.13

Figure 18: Thickness reduction over time predicted by the FEM analysis. To allow comparison between the different experimental conditions, the test time was normalized between the values 0 and 1, corresponding respectively to the contact of the punch with the sheet metal and the end of the Erichsen test, determined by the cracking of the sheet metal.

C ONCLUSIONS

his research led to the development of a FEM model for simulating deep drawing under different operating conditions, stainless steel, and lubrication. The model was calibrated by simulating a series of Erichsen tests on AISI 304 and AISI 430 stainless steel sheets under different lubrication conditions, and then comparing the experimentally in-plane deformations and thicknesses with those predicted numerically. To ensure the accuracy of the true stress-strain curves, both stainless steels were characterized through tensile tests, Erichsen tests, and metallographic analyses of the cold formed samples. To this end, a method was developed that provides an accurate representation of the stainless steel's true stress-strain curve beyond necking. The experiment was structured according to the principles of Design of Experiments (DoE) for full and orthogonal planes, replicated three times, while the statistical analysis was conducted using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) technique. T

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