Issue 75

A. Casaroli et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 75 (2026) 104-123; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09

Figure 11: Metallographic analyses at 100x after the Erichsen test of the areas from A to E indicated in Figure 10. The DRY conditions were without lubrication while the LUB conditions were with PVC film in the punch and blank-holder areas. In both cases the punch speed and the blank-holder pressure were set at 4.3 mm/min and 6.6 MPa. For AISI 430 and AISI 441 the chemical etching was carried out by immersion in a solution of 5 mL of hydrochloric acid and 1 g of picric acid in 100 mL of ethanol. For AISI 304 and 304 mod. the chemical etching was carried out electrochemically with a solution of 10 g of oxalic acid in 100 mL of distilled water.

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