Issue 74

S. Aborgheef et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 74 (2025) 31-41; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.74.03

Sand

Gravel

Sieve size (mm)

Percent of passing %

Sieve size (mm)

Percent of passing %

10

100

20 14 10

96

4.75 2.36 1.18 0.60

99.06 79.06 63.26

-

31

5

1

51

2.36

-

0.300 0.15

23.33

2.4 Table 3: Sand and gravel sieve analyses.

Physical properties

Test result

Limit of IQS No. 5/ 2019

Fineness, Blaine, gm/cm 2 Setting Time: Initial, min Setting Time: Final, min

319

>230

≥ 45 min ≤ 10 hrs

95

410

Table 4: Physical analysis of cement

Nominal diameter (mm)

Yield stress MPa

Ultimate strength MPa

Elongation %

10 12 16

614

729

18.43

632.1

808.56

18

712

831

13.8

Table 5: Tension tests results for steel bars.

Master Brace FIB

Properties

Carbon 230,000 4900 0.166 300 2.10 500

Material Type Elasticity Modules (N/mm 2 ) Tensile Strength (N/mm 2 ) Design Cross Section Thickness (mm) Fiber Weight (g/m 2 ) Elongation at Break (%) Width (mm)

Table 6: The technical properties of CFRP.

Master Brace FIB

Properties

Composition Mixed density Color Bond strength Full cure

Two parts (A & B) 1.06 kg / Lt Blue >2.5 N/mm 2 (Failure in concrete) 7 days at 20°C Table 7: Properties of the used bonding materials.

Cement (kg/m 3 )

Sand (kg/m 3 )

Gravel (kg/m 3 )

Water (kg/m 3 )

Material

w/c

Quantity

390

685

1075

184

0.47

Table 8: Concrete mixture proportions.

34