Issue 74

N. Meddour et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 74 (2025) 227-261; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.74.16

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g) (i) Figure 26: Southern fort façade type of damage (a) biological colonization, (b) scaling, (c) alveolization, (d) disaggregation and lichen colonization, (e) special biological colonization by a spider web, (f) erosion, (g)cracking, (h) black crust ,(i) effloresce. (h)

Percentage of total area (%)

Type of damage

Severity

Spatial distribution

Efflorescence

15 15 20 15 05 10 10 10

Moderate

Central-right, upper Right and left corners

Scaling

Severe Severe

Alveolization

Upper, central Central, lower

Disaggregation :Powdering, Crumbling

Moderate to severe

Biological colonisation

Moderate

Left, central (plants); right (spots) Left, central (near vegetation)

Cracking (Fracture, hair crack, craquelet)

Slight to moderate

Erosion

Moderate

Upper, central Right, upper

Spots and deposits (salt crust, black crust)

Slight to moderate

Table 16: Type of damage on the southeast fort façade.

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