PSI - Issue 73

Loran Nermend et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 73 (2025) 130–137 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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Fig. 5. Relative residual compressive strength (top row) and relative residual dynamic elastic modulus (bottom raw) of 3DPC after exposure to elevated temperature 4. Conclusions Based on the experimental evaluations, following conclusions can be drawn: • The inclusion of a pristine combination of particles (Bi 2 O 3 /Gd 2 O 3 ) leads to a noticeable decrease in the electrical resistivity of 3D-printed concrete (3DPC). This effect can be partially mitigated by incorporating silica-coated admixtures, which help increase the material’s electrical resistivity. • No significant differences were observed in the performance of control and nano-modified 3DPC mixes after exposure to 450 °C and 600 °C . Therefore, it can be concluded that the inclusion of 2.5 vol% of particles has only a marginal effect on the elevated temperature performance of 3DPC. • Minimal differences between cast and printed specimens were observed after exposure to elevated temperature. This finding contrasts with certain studies in the literature; however, this discrepancy may be attributed to the type of test used (compressive strength) and the fact that the specimens were tested perpendicular to the printing direction. Consequently, further research is needed to evaluate interlayer adhesion, for example, through flexural or interlayer strength testing.