PSI - Issue 73

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ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 73 (2025) 146–154 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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23rd International Conference on Modelling in Mechanics 2025 Degradation e ff ects of chloride ions on structures Miroslav Vacek a,b, ∗ , V´ıt Kˇrivy´ b , Barbora Kˇristkova´ b a Department of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, L. Podeste 1875, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic b Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, L. Podeste 1875, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic Abstract Structures located near roads are subject to increased environmental degradation because of the presence of airborne chlorides, primarily originating from de-icing salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl). This study investigates the deposition of chloride ions on a noise barrier located along the I / 11 road in the Czech Republic using the wet candle method, as defined by ISO 9225. Measurements were carried out over multiple seasons on the obverse (road facing) and reverse (road opposite) surfaces of the barrier at various heights and distances from the road. The results clearly demonstrate seasonal variability, with significantly higher chloride ion deposition in the winter months and substantial di ff erences between the obverse and reverse surfaces. The calculated deposition ratios indicate that the presence of the noise barrier substantially reduces the exposure of chloride ions on protected surfaces, especially near the road. These findings highlight the importance of structural orientation, surface positioning, and barrier design to mitigate chloride-induced corrosion. The results support more e ff ective planning, maintenance strategies, and life-cycle assessments of infrastructure in chloride-rich environments. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of 23rd International Conference on Modelling in Mechanics 2025 organizers. Keywords: Corrosion; chloride ions; structures; road 23rd International Conference on Modelling in Mechanics 2025 Degradation e ff ects of chloride ions on structures Miroslav Vacek a,b, ∗ , V´ıt Kˇrivy´ b , Barbora Kˇristkova´ b a Department of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, L. Podeste 1875, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic b Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, L. Podeste 1875, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic Abstract Structures located near roads are subject to increased environmental degradation because of the presence of airborne chlorides, primarily originating from de-icing salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl). This study investigates the deposition of chloride ions on a noise barrier located along the I / 11 road in the Czech Republic using the wet candle method, as defined by ISO 9225. Measurements were carried out over multiple seasons on the obverse (road facing) and reverse (road opposite) surfaces of the barrier at various heights and distances from the road. The results clearly demonstrate seasonal variability, with significantly higher chloride ion deposition in the winter months and substantial di ff erences between the obverse and reverse surfaces. The calculated deposition ratios indicate that the presence of the noise barrier substantially reduces the exposure of chloride ions on protected surfaces, especially near the road. These findings highlight the importance of structural orientation, surface positioning, and barrier design to mitigate chloride-induced corrosion. The results support more e ff ective planning, maintenance strategies, and life-cycle assessments of infrastructure in chloride-rich environments. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of 23rd International Conference on Modelling in Mechanics 2025 organizers. Keywords: Corrosion; chloride ions; structures; road © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the event organizers

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

Corrosion caused by atmospheric corrosion agents is a factor that a ff ects the durability of structures (1) (2). There are many corrosion agents such as sulphur dioxide or chlorides. Sulphur dioxide has become a minor corrosion agent in the vicinity of roads due to industrial desulphurisation units (3). On the other hand, chloride ions are becoming more important in corrosion agents (4) (5) (6), especially in the urban environment and microclimate close to roads (7). Structures located near roads are exposed to higher chloride concentrations due to the application of sodium chloride (NaCl) as a deicing agent (8) (9). In the winter season, passing cars generate aerosols, and then the aerosols deposit on structural surfaces (10) (11) (12). This can trigger corrosion that compromises structural integrity over time. Corrosion caused by atmospheric corrosion agents is a factor that a ff ects the durability of structures (1) (2). There are many corrosion agents such as sulphur dioxide or chlorides. Sulphur dioxide has become a minor corrosion agent in the vicinity of roads due to industrial desulphurisation units (3). On the other hand, chloride ions are becoming more important in corrosion agents (4) (5) (6), especially in the urban environment and microclimate close to roads (7). Structures located near roads are exposed to higher chloride concentrations due to the application of sodium chloride (NaCl) as a deicing agent (8) (9). In the winter season, passing cars generate aerosols, and then the aerosols deposit on structural surfaces (10) (11) (12). This can trigger corrosion that compromises structural integrity over time.

∗ Miroslav Vacek. Tel.: + 420 739 849 112. E-mail address: miroslav.vacek@vsb.cz ∗ Miroslav Vacek. Tel.: + 420 739 849 112. E-mail address: miroslav.vacek@vsb.cz

2452-3216 © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the event organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.10.023 2210-7843 © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of 23rd International Conference on Modelling in Mechanics 2025 organizers. 2210-7843 © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of 23rd International Conference on Modelling in Mechanics 2025 organizers.