PSI - Issue 73

Marie Horňáková et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 73 (2025) 33 – 37 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

37 5

provides a better distribution of forces into the wood. The resulting diagram shows that the performance of this variant is at a similar level to variants V01 and V04. Variant V03 showed the best resistance at the beginning of the loading, but after about 11 mm the sample was destroyed. Variant V05 reached the highest strength before failure. A comparison of the maximum force and deformation values with the percentage difference compared to variant V01 can be found in Table 1.

Table 1. Values obtained from the force-displacement diagram at moment of destruction.

Sample mark

Maximum force [kN]

Corresponding displacement [mm]

Force deviations to Variant V01

V01 V02 V03 V04 V05

27.11 25.25 26.34 27.35 28.74

17.01 17.74 10.78 15.38 19.78

-

- 7 % -3 %

1 % 6 %

5. Conclusions This paper presents a parametric experimental study focused on the location of holes in a 3D printed element for connecting timber load-bearing structures. Experimental results obtained by compressive testing five different joint variants highlight the crucial role of geometry in determining the load-bearing capacity and overall structural behavior. Force-displacement diagrams and subsequent analysis revealed differences in performance based on pin hole location, with variant V05 demonstrating the highest strength before failure. The findings underscore the potential of 3D printing to create optimized joints tailored to specific structural needs. Acknowledgements This research and this paper were funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in Student Grant Competition through VSB – Technical University of Ostrava – grant number: SGS SP2025/075. References Dedek, J., Juračka, D., Bujdoš, D., Lehner, P., 2024. Mechanical Properties of Wooden Elements with 3D Printed Reinforcement from Polymers and Carbon. Materials 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061244 Ghanbari - Ghazijahani, T., Kasebahadi, M., Hassanli, R., Classen, M., 2022. 3D printed honeycomb cellular beams made of composite materials (plastic and timber). Constr Build Mater 315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125541 Majid, F., Hachimi, T., Rhanim, H., Rhanim, R., 2022. Delamination effect on the mechanical behavior of 3D printed polymers. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 17, 26 – 36. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF -ESIS.63.03 Mitterpach, J., Igaz, R., Štefko, J., 2020. Environmental evaluation of alternative wood -based external wall assembly. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen 62, 133– 149. https://doi.org/10.17423/afx.2020.62.1.12 Nicolau, A., Pop, M.A., Coșereanu, C., 2022. 3D Printing Application in Wood Furniture Components Assembling. Materials 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082907 Prusa i3, 2022. Original Prusa i3 MK3S+ 3D printer | Original Prusa 3D printers directly from Josef Prusa [WWW Document]. PRUSA Research. Tabacu, S., Ducu, C., 2020. Numerical investigations of 3D printed structures under compressive loads using damage and fracture criterion: Experiments, parameter identification, and validation. Extreme Mech Lett 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2020.10077 5 Tomei, V., Grande, E., Imbimbo, M., 2024. Optimization of the internal structure of 3D -printed components for architectural restoration. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 18, 227 – 241. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF - ESIS.70.13