PSI - Issue 71

Gaurish S. Vaze et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 71 (2025) 395–400

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Fig. 5. Velocimeter. The chronograph velocimeter, equipped with two optical sensors at a known distance apart (Fig. 5), measures bullet velocity by detecting the time taken to pass between them. The system uses diffusing screens or lighting to aid detection. In this investigation, the measured projectile velocity was 145 m/s (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. Velocimeter reading . The value obtained from the analytical calculations was very much closer to the velocimeter reading, which was 145 m/sec. Hence, the analytical and experimental values of the velocity of the projectile are very much closer to each other.

4. Experimental Observations The observation mark after the impact testing on composite laminate is shown here (Fig. 7). According to the visuals (Fig. 7), dent was formed on the composite when being attacked by the ballistic projectile approximately at 150 m/sec.

Fig. 7. After impact result .

5. Results and Discussions The impact testing simulation was conducted using ANSYS 2022 R2 Student software, considering a bullet velocity of 150 m/s. The simulation was done in the Explicit Dynamics module in ANSYS Workbench. The geometries of the composite laminate and bullet were made in CAD Modelling Software Inventor 2021. First, the material was assigned to the composite from the inbuilt Ansys data store, and then the mesh generation was carried out since it helps to reduce the amount of time and effort spent to get the accurate results. The primary inputs that must be provided for the discrete phase calculations are the initial conditions that define the starting position, velocities and other parameters for each particle stream and the physical effects acting on the particle streams requiring additional particle properties. To assign velocity to the projectile, it should be inserted into the initial conditions. Then fixed supports