PSI - Issue 71

Garima Choudhary et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 71 (2025) 424–429

429

5. Conclusion The incorporation of gluconic acid (GA) in concrete mixtures demonstrates clear benefits in terms of setting time control, workability retention, compressive strength enhancement, and durability. Experimental results show that GA, when used in dosages ranging from 0.02% to 0.1% by weight of cement, effectively extends both the initial and final setting times of cement paste, making it highly suitable for applications requiring prolonged workability. In particular, a 0.1% GA dosage extended the initial setting time to 170 minutes and the final setting time to 550 minutes, while maintaining a slump above 150 mm for up to 180 minutes. Furthermore, unlike most conventional retarders that tend to reduce early strength, GA enhanced the compressive strength of concrete. A 10.8% strength gain was observed at 3 days, and a 6% increase was noted at 28 days compared to the control mix. Durability performance, assessed via the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT), confirmed that all GA-treated mixes exhibited extremely low chloride ion penetration, indicating no adverse effects on long-term concrete performance. Overall, GA proves to be a promising, bio-based retarding admixture that not only meets the requirements of modern RMC applications but also aligns with sustainability goals. Its dual performance - enhancing both fresh and hardened properties - positions it as a viable alternative to traditional chemical retarders in high-performance concrete formulations. Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, for providing the necessary laboratory facilities and technical support to carry out this research. References A. Jaiswal, T. Singh, A. Jha, M. Ankita, Assessing Quality in Ready-Mix Concrete Production: A Case Study of B. L. 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