PSI - Issue 71

252 Faisal Hussain et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 71 (2025) 248–255 As we know the equations of γ 11 , γ 22 γ 12 , by solving and rearranging, we get, {[A x ] NL −[A y ] LL }K 1 +{[B y ] LL −[B x ] NL }K 2 + {K 2 +[A x ] NL }K 3L +{K 1 −[B x ] NL }K 4L + K 3L K 4L = {[C x ] NL − [C y ] LL } (11) FRFs at the connection locations are recognized for the different sub-systems, the fundamental frequencies of the combined system can be determined by using the frequency equation. 3 . Experimentation Figure 2 depicts the experimental arrangement of a cantilever beam that is secured by a bolt at its end. The experimental arrangement for assessing the vibration response of a cantilever beam with a bolt attached at one end. A hammer was employed to excite the beam, and the subsequent natural oscillations were measured.

Fig. 2. Cantilever beam setup for experimentation with a fastened end Table 1 presents the specific features of the beam. The material related factors utilized in the FE model are modified by conducting tests on a cantilever bolted beam. The beam's size and material characteristics are listed in Table 1. Table1. Physical Properties of beam Proportions Physical Properties of beam Cross sectional Area (A) 0.003 x 0.025 [m 2 ] Span (L) 0.6 [m] Breadth (w) 0.025 [m] Depth (t) 0.003 [m] Young’s Modulus (E) 2.075x10 11 [N/m 2 ] Density ( ρ ) 7800 [Kg/m 3 ] The Dynamic Analyzer as shown in Fig. 3 was employed to perform instantaneous monitoring as well as evaluation of the bolted joint system connected to the cantilever beam. The accelerometer as shown in Fig.4 was positioned adjacent to the joint in order to quantify the oscillations induced due to the external force and the impulse hammer as shown in Fig.5 was utilized to create impulsive force on the beam. The cantilever beam was stimulated by a light impact, and the subsequent vibration reactions were detected using the Compact Vibration Analyzer (OROS OR34), manufactured by Aimil Limited. The power capacity is limited to a maximum of 15 VA, with a voltage range of 10-28V. The accelerometer being used is the Accelerometer (DYTRAN), specifically the Model 3055B1 with a serial number of 19535.

Fig. 3. Vibration Analyzer Fig. 5. Impulse Hammer Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer was used for measurement of frequencies. In order to record data in the frequency domain, an accelerometer was mounted on the bolted joint, and the cantilever beam was made to move dynamically using an anvil. In order to provide frequency information about a signal, a FFT analyzer first separates the signal into its distinct spectral constituents. Around 2185 samples of block data size, consisting of 850 lines of Fig. 4. Accelerometer